• BIO 180
  • UNIT 1. INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • UNIT 2. INTERMOLECULAR FORCES, WATER, AND ACIDS AND BASES
  • UNIT 3. CARBOHYDRATES
  • UNIT 4. LIPIDS, NUCLEIC ACIDS, AND PROTEINS
  • UNIT 5. CELL MEMBRANES-STRUCTURE AND CELL FUNCTION
  • UNIT 6. PROKARYOTES AND VIRUSES
  • UNIT 7. ENERGY BALANCE
  • UNIT 8. GLYCOLYSIS AND CITRIC ACID CYCLE
  • UNIT 9. ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN
  • UNIT 10. PHOTOSYSNTHESIS
  • UNIT 11. CELLULAR TRANSPORT AND CELLULAR SIGNALING
  • UNIT 12. CELL DIVISION AND CANCER
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  • 1.3

    Chemical Bonds

    The sections below describe some of the important processes by which atoms become stable. The processes that result in the filling of the outer electron shells result in the formation of chemical bonds. In some cases, this involves the formation of molecules. Molecules are two or more atoms held together by the sharing of electrons (described below). Molecules composed of more than one type of element can also be called compounds. Hence, H2 (same element) is a molecule, and H2O (different elements) is both a molecule and a compound.

    Ionic BondsCovalent Bonds

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