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INORGANIC CHEMISTRY Matter Subatomic Particles Radioisotopes Electron Configurations Chemical Reactions Chemical Bonds Ionic Bonds Covalent Bonds INTERMOLECULAR FORCES, WATER, AND ACIDS AND BASES Hydrogen Bonds Water Chemical Characteristics of Water Water and Aqueous Solutions Acids, Bases, pH, and Buffers Acids and Bases pH Buffers CARBOHYDRATES Carbon Hydrocarbons Isomers Functional Groups Carbohydrates Monosaccharides Disaccharides Polysaccharides Oligosaccharides LIPIDS, NUCLEIC ACIDS, AND PROTEINS Lipids Triglycerides Phospholipids Steroids Lipoproteins Nucleic Acids Central Dogma Proteins Amino Acids Amino Acid Structure Peptide Bonds and Polypeptides Protein Structure Classes of Proteins Enzymes CELL MEMBRANES-STRUCTURE AND CELL FUNCTION Structure of the Cell Membrane Fluid Mosaic Model of the Membrane Membrane Phospholipids Membrane fluidity Membrane Proteins Carbohydrates Cell Structures The Cell Nucleus The Endoplasmic Reticulum The Golgi Apparatus Lysosomes, Proteasomes, and Peroxisomes Vacuoles The Mitochondrion Chloroplasts The Cytoskeleton PROKARYOTES AND VIRUSES Prokaryotes Prokaryotic Morphology and Reproduction Viruses ENERGY BALANCE Energy Cycle, ATP, and Electron Carriers Enzymes Enzyme Regulation Metabolism Electron Carriers (NAD and FAD) Reduction-Oxidation Reactions (Redox) GLYCOLYSIS AND CITRIC ACID CYCLE Glycolysis Metabolism Summary Part 1: Glycolysis Citric Acid Cycle ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN Electron Transport Chain (Oxidative Phosphorylation) Lipid and Protein Metabolism Lipid Metabolism Protein Metabolism PHOTOSYSNTHESIS Photosynthesis Light Energy Photosynthetic pigments Photosynthesis summarized Light dependent reactions Light independent reaction or the Calvin Cycle CELLULAR TRANSPORT AND CELLULAR SIGNALING Fluid Compartments Osmosis Diffusion of Solutes Facilitated Diffusion Active Transport Primary Active Transport Secondary Active Transport Bulk Transport Cell Signaling Cell Signaling Pathways Receptor Interactions G Protein-Coupled Receptor (GPCR) CELL DIVISION AND CANCER Cell Division Chromosomes Interphase Mitosis Binary Fission Cancer Regulating molecules of the Cell Cycle Proto-oncogenes and Tumor suppressor GenesQuestions and Tasks
Add a note to the content. Download the content in PDF, Microsoft Word, or other format. View a summary of the content. View available translations of the content.If someone asked what the most important molecule for life is, hopefully most of us would say water. Although a close second must be chocolate! Whenever there is speculation of life on other planets, the question always arises: Is there water on the planet? What is so special about water? What makes it essential for life? Wouldn’t some other fluid work as well? These are some of the questions that we will attempt to answer in this section.
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