BIO 180
UNIT 1. INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
1.1. Matter
1.1.1. Subatomic Particles
1.1.2. Radioisotopes
1.2. Electron Configurations
1.2.1. Chemical Reactions
1.3. Chemical Bonds
1.3.1. Ionic Bonds
1.3.2. Covalent Bonds
UNIT 2. INTERMOLECULAR FORCES, WATER, AND ACIDS AND BASES
2.1. Hydrogen Bonds
2.1.1. Water
2.1.2. Chemical Characteristics of Water
2.2. Water and Aqueous Solutions
2.3. Acids, Bases, pH, and Buffers
2.3.1. Acids and Bases
2.3.2. pH
2.3.3. Buffers
UNIT 3. CARBOHYDRATES
3.1. Carbon
3.1.1. Hydrocarbons
3.1.2. Isomers
3.2. Functional Groups
3.3. Carbohydrates
3.3.1. Monosaccharides
3.3.2. Disaccharides
3.3.3. Polysaccharides
3.3.4. Oligosaccharides
UNIT 4. LIPIDS, NUCLEIC ACIDS, AND PROTEINS
4.1. Lipids
4.1.1. Triglycerides
4.1.2. Phospholipids
4.1.3. Steroids
4.1.4. Lipoproteins
4.2. Nucleic Acids
4.2.1. Central Dogma
4.3. Proteins
4.3.1. Amino Acids
4.3.2. Amino Acid Structure
4.3.3. Peptide Bonds and Polypeptides
4.3.4. Protein Structure
4.3.5. Classes of Proteins
4.3.6. Enzymes
UNIT 5. CELL MEMBRANES-STRUCTURE AND CELL FUNCTION
5.1. Structure of the Cell Membrane
5.1.1. Fluid Mosaic Model of the Membrane
5.1.2. Membrane Phospholipids
5.1.3. Membrane fluidity
5.1.4. Membrane Proteins
5.1.5. Carbohydrates
5.2. Cell Structures
5.2.1. The Cell Nucleus
5.2.2. The Endoplasmic Reticulum
5.2.3. The Golgi Apparatus
5.2.4. Lysosomes, Proteasomes, and Peroxisomes
5.2.5. Vacuoles
5.2.6. The Mitochondrion
5.2.7. Chloroplasts
5.3. The Cytoskeleton
UNIT 6. PROKARYOTES AND VIRUSES
6.1. Prokaryotes
6.1.1. Prokaryotic Morphology and Reproduction
6.2. Viruses
UNIT 7. ENERGY BALANCE
7.1. Energy Cycle, ATP, and Electron Carriers
7.2. Enzymes
7.2.1. Enzyme Regulation
7.2.2. Metabolism
7.2.3. Electron Carriers (NAD and FAD)
7.4. Reduction-Oxidation Reactions (Redox)
UNIT 8. GLYCOLYSIS AND CITRIC ACID CYCLE
8.1. Glycolysis
8.2. Metabolism Summary Part 1: Glycolysis
8.3. Citric Acid Cycle
UNIT 9. ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN
9.1. Electron Transport Chain (Oxidative Phosphorylation)
9.2. Lipid and Protein Metabolism
9.2.1. Lipid Metabolism
9.3. Protein Metabolism
UNIT 10. PHOTOSYSNTHESIS
10.1. Photosynthesis
10.1.1. Light Energy
10.1.2. Photosynthetic pigments
10.1.3. Photosynthesis summarized
10.2. Light dependent reactions
10.3. Light independent reaction or the Calvin Cycle
UNIT 11. CELLULAR TRANSPORT AND CELLULAR SIGNALING
11.1. Fluid Compartments
11.1.1. Osmosis
11.1.2. Diffusion of Solutes
11.2. Facilitated Diffusion
11.2.1. Active Transport
11.2.2. Primary Active Transport
11.2.3. Secondary Active Transport
11.2.4. Bulk Transport
11.3. Cell Signaling
11.3.1. Cell Signaling Pathways
11.3.2. Receptor Interactions
11.3.3. G Protein-Coupled Receptor (GPCR)
UNIT 12. CELL DIVISION AND CANCER
12.1. Cell Division
12.1.1. Chromosomes
12.1.2. Interphase
12.2. Mitosis
12.2.1. Binary Fission
12.3. Cancer
12.3.1. Regulating molecules of the Cell Cycle
12.3.2. Proto-oncogenes and Tumor suppressor Genes
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Abstracts
INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
Matter
Subatomic Particles
Radioisotopes
Electron Configurations
Chemical Reactions
Chemical Bonds
Ionic Bonds
Covalent Bonds
INTERMOLECULAR FORCES, WATER, AND ACIDS AND BASES
Hydrogen Bonds
Water
Chemical Characteristics of Water
Water and Aqueous Solutions
Acids, Bases, pH, and Buffers
Acids and Bases
pH
Buffers
CARBOHYDRATES
Carbon
Hydrocarbons
Isomers
Functional Groups
Carbohydrates
Monosaccharides
Disaccharides
Polysaccharides
Oligosaccharides
LIPIDS, NUCLEIC ACIDS, AND PROTEINS
Lipids
Triglycerides
Phospholipids
Steroids
Lipoproteins
Nucleic Acids
Central Dogma
Proteins
Amino Acids
Amino Acid Structure
Peptide Bonds and Polypeptides
Protein Structure
Classes of Proteins
Enzymes
CELL MEMBRANES-STRUCTURE AND CELL FUNCTION
Structure of the Cell Membrane
Fluid Mosaic Model of the Membrane
Membrane Phospholipids
Membrane fluidity
Membrane Proteins
Carbohydrates
Cell Structures
The Cell Nucleus
The Endoplasmic Reticulum
The Golgi Apparatus
Lysosomes, Proteasomes, and Peroxisomes
Vacuoles
The Mitochondrion
Chloroplasts
The Cytoskeleton
PROKARYOTES AND VIRUSES
Prokaryotes
Prokaryotic Morphology and Reproduction
Viruses
ENERGY BALANCE
Energy Cycle, ATP, and Electron Carriers
Enzymes
Enzyme Regulation
Metabolism
Electron Carriers (NAD and FAD)
Reduction-Oxidation Reactions (Redox)
GLYCOLYSIS AND CITRIC ACID CYCLE
Glycolysis
Metabolism Summary Part 1: Glycolysis
Citric Acid Cycle
ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN
Electron Transport Chain (Oxidative Phosphorylation)
Lipid and Protein Metabolism
Lipid Metabolism
Protein Metabolism
PHOTOSYSNTHESIS
Photosynthesis
Light Energy
Photosynthetic pigments
Photosynthesis summarized
Light dependent reactions
Light independent reaction or the Calvin Cycle
CELLULAR TRANSPORT AND CELLULAR SIGNALING
Fluid Compartments
Osmosis
Diffusion of Solutes
Facilitated Diffusion
Active Transport
Primary Active Transport
Secondary Active Transport
Bulk Transport
Cell Signaling
Cell Signaling Pathways
Receptor Interactions
G Protein-Coupled Receptor (GPCR)
CELL DIVISION AND CANCER
Cell Division
Chromosomes
Interphase
Mitosis
Binary Fission
Cancer
Regulating molecules of the Cell Cycle
Proto-oncogenes and Tumor suppressor Genes