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Effector Organ
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Sympathetic Effects (receptor)
|
Parasympathetic Effects (receptor)
|
|
Eye (iris)
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Contraction of dilator pupillae muscles – mydriasis (α1)
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Contraction of sphincter pupillae muscles – miosis (M)
|
|
Eye (ciliary muscle)
|
Relaxation (β2) for distant vision
|
Contraction (M) for accommodation of lens (near vision) and increase aqueous humor outflow into canal of Schlemm
|
|
Eye (ciliary body epithelium)
|
Increased aqueous humor production (β1)
|
—
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|
Heart
|
Increased heart rate, increased force of contraction and increased conduction rate (β1)
|
Decreased heart and conduction rate (M), decreased atrial contractility (M)
|
|
Arterioles(skin,abdominal viscera, kidney)
|
Strong vasoconstriction (α1)
|
—
|
|
Arterioles(skeletal muscle)
|
Weak vasoconstriction (α1)
Vasodilation (β2)
|
—
|
|
Vessels(heart)
|
Vasoconstriction (α1), Vasodilation (β2)
|
—
|
|
Lungs
|
Dilates Bronchioles (β2)
|
Constricts bronchioles (M)
|
|
Uterus, pregnant
|
Constriction (α1), relaxation (β2)
|
Contraction (M)
|
|
Gastrointestinal tract wall
|
Decreased tone (α1,α2,β2)
|
Increased tone (M)
|
|
Gastrointestinal tract sphincter
|
Contraction (α1)
|
Relaxation (M)
|
|
Gatrointestinal tract secretion
|
—
|
Increased (M)
|
|
Kidney
|
Increased renin release (β1)
|
—
|
|
Bladder wall (detrusor muscle)
|
Relaxation (β2)
|
Contraction (M)
|
|
Internal urinary sphincter
|
Contraction (α1)
|
Relaxation (M)
|
|
Pancreas
|
Decreased insulin secretion (α2), decreased exocrine secretion (α)
|
Increased insulin secretion (M), increased exocrine secretion (M)
|
|
Fat cells
|
Lipolysis (β3)
|
—
|
|
Liver
|
Glycogenolysis (α1,β2), Gluconeogenesis (α1,β2)
|
—
|
|
Piloerector muscles of skin
|
Contraction (α1)
|
—
|
|
Salivary gland
|
Constriction of vessels & small production of a viscous saliva. (α1)
|
Dilation of vessels & large production of thin saliva (M)
|
|
Sweat gland
|
Generalized sweating (M) Localized sweating(stress) – palms & soles (α1)
|
—
|
|
Adrenal medullae
|
Increased secretion of EPI or NE (N)
|
—
|