1.1

TERMINOLOGY

Integumentary System: hair, skin, nails, sweat glands

  Function: To protect body from damage, control body temperature, impede loss of water, and assist in production of vitamin D.

Skeletal System: bones, related cartilage, joints, and ligaments

  Function: Framework of the body that lends support and protection, creates blood cells, permits movement, and provides storage for fat and minerals.

Muscular System: muscles and tendons

  Function: Facilitate movement, generate body heat, and sustain posture.

Lymphatic System: lymph nodes, lymphatic vessels, various organs

  Function: Eliminates foreign materials from circulation, fights illness, regulates tissue fluid level, and absorbs fatty acids contained in the digestive tract.

Respiratory System: lungs, airways, respiratory muscles

  Function: Exchanges molecules of carbon dioxide and oxygen between the external environment and the blood. Also maintains blood pH.

Digestive System: mouth, esophagus, stomach, intestines, and various organs

  Function: Mechanical and chemical digestion of food, absorbing nutrients, and expelling waste products from the body.

Nervous System: brain, spinal cord, nerves, and sensory receptors

  Function: Sensory perception, exercising control over body movement, cognitive reasoning, and a vast array of physiological processes.

Endocrine System: pituitary gland, thyroid gland, pancreas, and glands

  Function: Release of hormones: influences growth and development, metabolism, reproduction, and other physiological processes.

Cardiovascular System: heart, blood vessels, and blood

  Function: Utilizes blood as a vehicle: distributes gases, nutrients, hormones, and waste products. Also helps with immune response and body temperature maintenance.

Urinary System: kidneys, urinary bladder, ureters, and urethra

  Function: Maintains blood pH, regulates water balance, and expels waste products from blood.

Reproductive System:

Female reproductive system includes ovaries, uterus, mammary glands, vagina, and other structures

  Function: Produces oocytes, provides location for fertilization and fetal development. Also produces hormones which facilitate lactation and sexual behaviors and functions.

Male reproductive system includes the penis, testes, and various other structures

  Function: Production of sperm cells and hormones which facilitate sexual behaviors and functions.

Body DirectionsAnatomical Divisions, Subdivisions and CavitiesPrefixesSuffixesAbbreviations

This content is provided to you freely by BYU-I Books.

Access it online or download it at https://books.byui.edu/bio_264_anatomy_phy_I/111.