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MODULE 1: CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM FUNCTIONAL ANATOMY OF THE HEART Chambers and Circulation The Layers of the Heart Wall Cardiac Muscle Histology and Organization CARDIAC CELL ACTION POTENTIALS Action Potentials in Cardiac Contractile Muscle Cells Action Potentials in Cardiac Autorhythmic Cells ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY OF HEART MUSCLE Heart Conduction System Cardiac Excitation Coupling Electrocardiogram (EKG) THE CARDIAC CYCLE Cardiac Cycle Cardiac Measurements REGULATION OF CARDIAC FUNCTION Intrinsic Regulation Extrinsic Regulation Mean Arterial Pressure Baroreceptor and Chemoreceptor Reflexes MODULE 2: BLOOD INTRODUCTION TO BLOOD, STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION AND BREAKDOWN Functions of Blood Composition of Blood Hematopoiesis Red Blood Cells Hemoglobin Erythropoiesis Breaking Down Red Blood Cells White Blood Cells and Platelets HEMOSTASIS Vascular Spasm Platelet Plug Clotting (Coagulation) Cascade Clot Retraction and Fibrinolysis Blood Clot Regulation BLOOD TYPING Blood Antigens and Antibodies ABO Blood Group System Rh Blood Group System Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn BLOOD VESSEL STRUCTURE AND ATHEROSCLEROSIS Arteries and Veins Portal System Capillaries Atherosclerosis CAPILLARY EXCHANGE Edema BLOOD PRESSURE REGULATION AND SHOCK Blood Pressure Explained Short-Term Regulation 2.6.3 - Long-Term Regulation Shock MODULE 3: IMMUNE SYSTEM OVERVIEW OF THE LYMPHATIC AND NON-SPECIFIC INNATE RESPONSE OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM Structure and Function of the Lymphatic System Physical Barriers: First Wall of Defense Internal Non-Specific Defense Mechanisms SPECIFIC ADAPTIVE IMMUNE RESPONSE, ANTIBODIES, IMMUNITY & VACCINES Specific Defenses of the Immune Response Antibodies Immunological Memory Vaccines, Autoimmunity and Allergies MODULE 4: THE INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF THE INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM Functions of the Integumentary System Composition of the Skin Skin Color Skin Cancer HAIR Types of Hair Structure of Hair Hair Growth Hair Loss MODULE 5: THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM RESPIRATORY SYSTEM STRUCTURE, FUNCTION AND VENTILATION Respiratory System Function Respiratory Structure Respiratory Membrane Alveoli and Surfactant RESPIRATORY PRESSURES Ventilation: Inspiration and Expiration Pressure Differences in the Thoracic Cavity Pneumothorax and Pleuritis Respiratory Volumes and Capacity GAS EXCHANGE AND TRANSPORT Rate of Diffusion Gas Laws Important in Gas Exchange Partial Pressure Gradients Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide Transport in the Blood RESPIRATORY CONTROL Respiratory Control by the Medulla Oblongata Chemicals that Regulate Ventilation COPD and Asthma MODULE 6: THE SKELETAL SYSTEM FUNCTION AND STRUCTURE OF THE SKELETAL SYSTEM Hyaline Cartilage Bone Characteristics Bone Classification and Anatomy Bone Cells Formation of Woven and Lamellar Bone Bone and Blood Calcium Levels FORMATION, GROWTH & REPAIR OF BONE Fetal Development of Bone: Intramembranous and Endochondral Ossification Bone Growth in Children and Repair of Bones Factors that Influence Bone Growth Bone Repair MODULE 7: URINARY SYSTEM THE KIDNEY: FUNCTION, ANATOMY, THE NEPHRON AND GLOMERULUS Urinary System Function Functional Anatomy of the Urinary System The Nephron: Functional Unit of the Kidney The Renal Corpuscle: Bowman’s Capsule and the Glomerulus FILTRATION, REABSORPTION, AND SECRETION Filtration Tubular Reabsorption Secretion Excretion PHYSIOLOGY OF URINE PRODUCTION Renal Clearance Urine Concentration and Dilution Hormonal Regulation of Urine Production ACID/BASE BALANCE Buffers Respiratory System Kidneys Acid Base Disturbances MODULE 8: DIGESTIVE SYSTEM FUNCTIONAL ANATOMY OF THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM Layers of Alimentary Canal of the Digestive System Enteric Nervous System Organs of the Digestive System DIGESTION Carbohydrate Digestion and Absorption Protein Digestion and Absorption Lipid Digestion REGULATION OF DIGESTIVE SECRETIONS MODULE 9: ENDOCRINE SYSTEM THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM AND HORMONES OF THE BODY Overview of the Endocrine System Hormone Receptors Hormones of the Body Other Hormones: Melatonin and Pheromones THE HYPOTHALAMUS AND PITUITARY GLAND Posterior Pituitary Anterior Pituitary THYROID AND ADRENAL GLANDS Thyroid Hormone Synthesis Regulation of Thyroid Hormone Secretion Thyroid Hormone Actions Thyroid Disorders Adrenal Gland PANCREAS Insulin Regulation of Secretion of Insulin Glucagon Diabetes Mellitus MODULE 10: REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM ANATOMY AND GERM CELLS Anatomy of the Male Reproductive System Anatomy of the Female Reproductive System Mitosis and Meiosis THE MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM Male Reproductive Endocrine Axis Spermatogenesis Physiology of the Male Erection and Ejaculation FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM Oogenesis Folliculogenesis Ovulation and Fertilization The Menstrual Cycle: Ovarian and Uterine Ovarian Cycle Uterine Cycle Getting PregnantQuestions and Tasks
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