BIO 381 Pathophysiology
WEEK 1. INNATE IMMUNITY AND INFLAMMATION
1.1. Innate Immunity
1.1.1. The First Line of Defense
1.2. The Second Line of Defense – Inflammation and Complement System
1.2.1. Characteristics of Inflammation
1.2.2. The Inflammatory Response
1.2.3. Drugs for Inflammation and Dietary Contributions
1.2.4. The Complement System
WEEK 2. ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY, LEUKEMIA, AND OTHER BLOOD CELL PATHOLOGIES
2.1. Adaptive Immunity
2.1.1. Lymphoid Tissue
2.1.2. Thymic Selection
2.1.3. Antigens and Antigen Processing
2.1.4. Humoral Immunity
2.1.5. Cell-Mediated Immunity
2.1.6. Type I Hypersensitivity
2.1.7. Type II Hypersensitivity
2.1.8. Type III Hypersensitivity
2.1.9. Type IV Hypersensitivity
2.2. Neutropenia, Mononucleosis, Leukemia and Lymphoma
2.2.1. Hematopoiesis and Colony-Stimulating Factors
2.2.2. Neutropenia
2.2.3. Infectious Mononucleosis
2.2.4. Leukemia
2.2.5. Lymphoma
2.2.6. Multiple Myeloma
WEEK 3. HEMOSTASIS AND RED BLOOD CELLS
3.1. Hemostasis
3.1.1. Healthy Endothelium – Endogenous Antiplatelets and Anticoagulants
3.1.2. The Stages of Hemostasis
3.1.3. Inherited (Primary) Disorders NOT Involving Platelets
3.1.4. Inherited (Primary) Disorders Involving Platelets
3.1.5. Acquired (Secondary) Disorders NOT Directly Involving Platelets
3.1.6. Acquired (Secondary) Disorders Directly Involving Platelets
3.2. Red Blood Cells
3.2.1. Hemoglobin and the Breakdown of Hemoglobin
3.2.2. Important Red Blood Cell Lab Tests
3.2.3. Disorders of the Red Blood Cell Membrane
3.2.4. Types of Thalassemia
3.2.5. Role of Iron and Iron Deficiency Anemia
3.2.6. Megaloblastic Anemias
3.2.7. Aplastic and Chronic Disease Anemia
3.2.8. Polycythemia
WEEK 4. CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
4.1. Disorders of Blood Vessels
4.1.1. Lipid and Lipoprotein Processing
4.1.2. Atherosclerosis
4.1.3. Hypertension
4.1.4. Hypotension
4.1.5. Disorders of Venous Circulation
4.1.6. Disorders of Arterial Circulation
4.2. Disorders of the Heart
4.2.1. Infective Endocarditis
4.2.2. Rheumatic Heart Disease
4.2.3. Cardiomyopathies
4.2.4. Heart Failure
4.2.5. Shock
WEEK 5. ENDOCRINE DISORDERS
5.1. Endocrine Disorders (Adenomas, Prolactin, Growth Hormone, and Thyroid Hormone)
5.1.1. Hypothalamic-Pituitary Regulation
5.1.2. Pituitary Adenomas
5.1.3. Prolactin (PRL) Disorders
5.1.4. Growth Hormone Disorders
5.1.5. Thyroid Hormone Disorders
5.2. Endocrine Disorders (Aldosterone, Cortisol, and ADH)
5.2.1. Adrenal Gland
5.2.2. Aldosterone (Mineralocorticoid)
5.2.3. Cortisol (Glucocorticoids)
5.2.4. Anti-Diuretic Hormone (ADH)
WEEK 6. NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS
6.1. Disorders of Neuromuscular Function
6.1.1. Muscular Dystrophy
6.1.2. Disorders of the Neuromuscular Junction
6.1.3. Polyneuropathies and Guillain-Barre Syndrome
6.1.4. Parkinson’s Disease (PD)
6.1.5. Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)
6.1.6. Multiple Sclerosis (MS)
6.2. Disorders of Brain Function
6.2.1. Stroke
6.2.2. Meningitis and Encephalitis
6.2.3. Seizures
6.2.4. Dementia and Alzheimer’s Disease
6.2.5. Narcolepsy
WEEK 7. MIDTERM EXAM
WEEK 8. DISORDERS OF GI FUNCTION
8.1. Disorders of GI Function Part I
8.1.1. GI Tract Anatomy
8.1.2. Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)
8.1.3. Inflammatory Bowel Disease
8.1.4. Infectious Enterocolitis
8.1.5. Clostridium difficile Colitis
8.1.6. E. Coli 0157:H7 and HUS
8.2. Disorders of GI Function Part II
8.2.1. Diverticular Disease
8.2.2. Intestinal Obstruction
8.2.3. GI Issues Involving Gluten
8.2.4. Disorders of the Esophagus
8.2.5. Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)
8.2.6. Gastritis
8.2.7. Peptic Ulcers
WEEK 9. RESPIRATORY DISORDERS
9.1. Disorders of Respiratory Function Part I
9.1.1. Disorders of the Pleura
9.1.2. Pneumothorax
9.1.3. Atelectasis
9.1.4. Asthma
9.2. Disorders of Respiratory Function Part II
9.2.1. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
9.2.2. The Common Cold and Rhinosinusitis
9.2.3. Influenza
9.2.4. Pneumonia
9.2.5. Tuberculosis (TB)
WEEK 10. SKELETAL, VISION, AND HEARING DISORDERS
10.1. Disorders of the Skeletal System
10.1.1. Mechanisms of Bone Remodeling
10.1.2. Osteopenia and Osteoporosis
10.1.3. Osteomalacia, Rickets, and Paget’s Disease
10.1.4. Osteoarthritis (OA)
10.1.5. Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)
10.1.6. Gout
10.2. Vision and Hearing Disorders
10.2.1. Conjunctivitis
10.2.2. The Retina, Retinopathies, and Retinal Detachment
10.2.3. Macular Degeneration
10.2.4. Glaucoma
10.2.5. Disorders of the Lens
10.2.6. Disorders of Neural Pathways
10.2.7. Disorders of the Ear - Otitis
10.2.8. Disorders of the Ear - Otosclerosis, Tinnitus, and Hearing Loss
WEEK 11. PAIN, HEADACHE, AND REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM DISORDERS
11.1. Pain and Headaches
11.1.1. Introduction to Pain and Pain Assessments
11.1.2. Pain Transduction
11.1.3. Pain Transmission
11.1.4. Pain Perception
11.1.5. Pain Modulation
11.1.6. The Gate-Control Theory of Pain
11.1.7. Types of Pain
11.1.8. Pain Medication
11.1.9. Headaches
11.2. Reproductive System Disorders
11.2.1. Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia and Prostate Cancer
11.2.2. Disorders of the Uterus
11.2.3. Review of the Physiology of the Menstrual Cycle
11.2.4. Disorders of the Ovary
11.2.5. Breast Structures and Breast Cancer
WEEK 12. RENAL DISORDERS
12.1. Renal Dysfunctions, PKD, Nephrotic and Nephritic Syndromes, and Obstructive Disorders
12.1.1. Polycystic Kidney Disease (PKD)
12.1.2. Disorders of the Glomerulus
12.1.3. Obstructive Disorders and Kidney Stones
12.2. Kidney Functions Tests, UTI and AKI
12.2.1. Kidney Function Tests
12.2.2. Urinary Tract Infection (UTI)
12.2.3. Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)
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INNATE IMMUNITY AND INFLAMMATION
Innate Immunity
The First Line of Defense
The Second Line of Defense – Inflammation and Complement System
Characteristics of Inflammation
The Inflammatory Response
Drugs for Inflammation and Dietary Contributions
The Complement System
ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY, LEUKEMIA, AND OTHER BLOOD CELL PATHOLOGIES
Adaptive Immunity
Lymphoid Tissue
Thymic Selection
Antigens and Antigen Processing
Humoral Immunity
Cell-Mediated Immunity
Type I Hypersensitivity
Type II Hypersensitivity
Type III Hypersensitivity
Type IV Hypersensitivity
Neutropenia, Mononucleosis, Leukemia and Lymphoma
Hematopoiesis and Colony-Stimulating Factors
Neutropenia
Infectious Mononucleosis
Leukemia
Lymphoma
Multiple Myeloma
HEMOSTASIS AND RED BLOOD CELLS
Hemostasis
Healthy Endothelium – Endogenous Antiplatelets and Anticoagulants
The Stages of Hemostasis
Inherited (Primary) Disorders NOT Involving Platelets
Inherited (Primary) Disorders Involving Platelets
Acquired (Secondary) Disorders NOT Directly Involving Platelets
Acquired (Secondary) Disorders Directly Involving Platelets
Red Blood Cells
Hemoglobin and the Breakdown of Hemoglobin
Important Red Blood Cell Lab Tests
Disorders of the Red Blood Cell Membrane
Types of Thalassemia
Role of Iron and Iron Deficiency Anemia
Megaloblastic Anemias
Aplastic and Chronic Disease Anemia
Polycythemia
CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
Disorders of Blood Vessels
Lipid and Lipoprotein Processing
Atherosclerosis
Hypertension
Hypotension
Disorders of Venous Circulation
Disorders of Arterial Circulation
Disorders of the Heart
Infective Endocarditis
Rheumatic Heart Disease
Cardiomyopathies
Heart Failure
Shock
ENDOCRINE DISORDERS
Endocrine Disorders (Adenomas, Prolactin, Growth Hormone, and Thyroid Hormone)
Hypothalamic-Pituitary Regulation
Pituitary Adenomas
Prolactin (PRL) Disorders
Growth Hormone Disorders
Thyroid Hormone Disorders
Endocrine Disorders (Aldosterone, Cortisol, and ADH)
Adrenal Gland
Aldosterone (Mineralocorticoid)
Cortisol (Glucocorticoids)
Anti-Diuretic Hormone (ADH)
NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS
Disorders of Neuromuscular Function
Muscular Dystrophy
Disorders of the Neuromuscular Junction
Polyneuropathies and Guillain-Barre Syndrome
Parkinson’s Disease (PD)
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)
Multiple Sclerosis (MS)
Disorders of Brain Function
Stroke
Meningitis and Encephalitis
Seizures
Dementia and Alzheimer’s Disease
Narcolepsy
MIDTERM EXAM
DISORDERS OF GI FUNCTION
Disorders of GI Function Part I
GI Tract Anatomy
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)
Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Infectious Enterocolitis
Clostridium difficile Colitis
E. Coli 0157:H7 and HUS
Disorders of GI Function Part II
Diverticular Disease
Intestinal Obstruction
GI Issues Involving Gluten
Disorders of the Esophagus
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)
Gastritis
Peptic Ulcers
RESPIRATORY DISORDERS
Disorders of Respiratory Function Part I
Disorders of the Pleura
Pneumothorax
Atelectasis
Asthma
Disorders of Respiratory Function Part II
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
The Common Cold and Rhinosinusitis
Influenza
Pneumonia
Tuberculosis (TB)
SKELETAL, VISION, AND HEARING DISORDERS
Disorders of the Skeletal System
Mechanisms of Bone Remodeling
Osteopenia and Osteoporosis
Osteomalacia, Rickets, and Paget’s Disease
Osteoarthritis (OA)
Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)
Gout
Vision and Hearing Disorders
Conjunctivitis
The Retina, Retinopathies, and Retinal Detachment
Macular Degeneration
Glaucoma
Disorders of the Lens
Disorders of Neural Pathways
Disorders of the Ear - Otitis
Disorders of the Ear - Otosclerosis, Tinnitus, and Hearing Loss
PAIN, HEADACHE, AND REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM DISORDERS
Pain and Headaches
Introduction to Pain and Pain Assessments
Pain Transduction
Pain Transmission
Pain Perception
Pain Modulation
The Gate-Control Theory of Pain
Types of Pain
Pain Medication
Headaches
Reproductive System Disorders
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia and Prostate Cancer
Disorders of the Uterus
Review of the Physiology of the Menstrual Cycle
Disorders of the Ovary
Breast Structures and Breast Cancer
RENAL DISORDERS
Renal Dysfunctions, PKD, Nephrotic and Nephritic Syndromes, and Obstructive Disorders
Polycystic Kidney Disease (PKD)
Disorders of the Glomerulus
Obstructive Disorders and Kidney Stones
Kidney Functions Tests, UTI and AKI
Kidney Function Tests
Urinary Tract Infection (UTI)
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)
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Abstracts
INNATE IMMUNITY AND INFLAMMATION
Innate Immunity
The First Line of Defense
The Second Line of Defense – Inflammation and Complement System
Characteristics of Inflammation
The Inflammatory Response
Drugs for Inflammation and Dietary Contributions
The Complement System
ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY, LEUKEMIA, AND OTHER BLOOD CELL PATHOLOGIES
Adaptive Immunity
Lymphoid Tissue
Thymic Selection
Antigens and Antigen Processing
Humoral Immunity
Cell-Mediated Immunity
Type I Hypersensitivity
Type II Hypersensitivity
Type III Hypersensitivity
Type IV Hypersensitivity
Neutropenia, Mononucleosis, Leukemia and Lymphoma
Hematopoiesis and Colony-Stimulating Factors
Neutropenia
Infectious Mononucleosis
Leukemia
Lymphoma
Multiple Myeloma
HEMOSTASIS AND RED BLOOD CELLS
Hemostasis
Healthy Endothelium – Endogenous Antiplatelets and Anticoagulants
The Stages of Hemostasis
Inherited (Primary) Disorders NOT Involving Platelets
Inherited (Primary) Disorders Involving Platelets
Acquired (Secondary) Disorders NOT Directly Involving Platelets
Acquired (Secondary) Disorders Directly Involving Platelets
Red Blood Cells
Hemoglobin and the Breakdown of Hemoglobin
Important Red Blood Cell Lab Tests
Disorders of the Red Blood Cell Membrane
Types of Thalassemia
Role of Iron and Iron Deficiency Anemia
Megaloblastic Anemias
Aplastic and Chronic Disease Anemia
Polycythemia
CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
Disorders of Blood Vessels
Lipid and Lipoprotein Processing
Atherosclerosis
Hypertension
Hypotension
Disorders of Venous Circulation
Disorders of Arterial Circulation
Disorders of the Heart
Infective Endocarditis
Rheumatic Heart Disease
Cardiomyopathies
Heart Failure
Shock
ENDOCRINE DISORDERS
Endocrine Disorders (Adenomas, Prolactin, Growth Hormone, and Thyroid Hormone)
Hypothalamic-Pituitary Regulation
Pituitary Adenomas
Prolactin (PRL) Disorders
Growth Hormone Disorders
Thyroid Hormone Disorders
Endocrine Disorders (Aldosterone, Cortisol, and ADH)
Adrenal Gland
Aldosterone (Mineralocorticoid)
Cortisol (Glucocorticoids)
Anti-Diuretic Hormone (ADH)
NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS
Disorders of Neuromuscular Function
Muscular Dystrophy
Disorders of the Neuromuscular Junction
Polyneuropathies and Guillain-Barre Syndrome
Parkinson’s Disease (PD)
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)
Multiple Sclerosis (MS)
Disorders of Brain Function
Stroke
Meningitis and Encephalitis
Seizures
Dementia and Alzheimer’s Disease
Narcolepsy
MIDTERM EXAM
DISORDERS OF GI FUNCTION
Disorders of GI Function Part I
GI Tract Anatomy
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)
Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Infectious Enterocolitis
Clostridium difficile Colitis
E. Coli 0157:H7 and HUS
Disorders of GI Function Part II
Diverticular Disease
Intestinal Obstruction
GI Issues Involving Gluten
Disorders of the Esophagus
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)
Gastritis
Peptic Ulcers
RESPIRATORY DISORDERS
Disorders of Respiratory Function Part I
Disorders of the Pleura
Pneumothorax
Atelectasis
Asthma
Disorders of Respiratory Function Part II
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
The Common Cold and Rhinosinusitis
Influenza
Pneumonia
Tuberculosis (TB)
SKELETAL, VISION, AND HEARING DISORDERS
Disorders of the Skeletal System
Mechanisms of Bone Remodeling
Osteopenia and Osteoporosis
Osteomalacia, Rickets, and Paget’s Disease
Osteoarthritis (OA)
Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)
Gout
Vision and Hearing Disorders
Conjunctivitis
The Retina, Retinopathies, and Retinal Detachment
Macular Degeneration
Glaucoma
Disorders of the Lens
Disorders of Neural Pathways
Disorders of the Ear - Otitis
Disorders of the Ear - Otosclerosis, Tinnitus, and Hearing Loss
PAIN, HEADACHE, AND REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM DISORDERS
Pain and Headaches
Introduction to Pain and Pain Assessments
Pain Transduction
Pain Transmission
Pain Perception
Pain Modulation
The Gate-Control Theory of Pain
Types of Pain
Pain Medication
Headaches
Reproductive System Disorders
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia and Prostate Cancer
Disorders of the Uterus
Review of the Physiology of the Menstrual Cycle
Disorders of the Ovary
Breast Structures and Breast Cancer
RENAL DISORDERS
Renal Dysfunctions, PKD, Nephrotic and Nephritic Syndromes, and Obstructive Disorders
Polycystic Kidney Disease (PKD)
Disorders of the Glomerulus
Obstructive Disorders and Kidney Stones
Kidney Functions Tests, UTI and AKI
Kidney Function Tests
Urinary Tract Infection (UTI)
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)