1.5.9
Table of Actions for the SNS and PNS and Some Common Drugs
Effector Organ | Sympathetic Effects (receptor) | Parasympathetic Effects (receptor) | |
---|---|---|---|
Eye (iris) | Contraction of dilator pupillae muscles - mydriasis(α1) | Contraction of sphincter pupillae muscles – miosis(M) | |
Eye (ciliary muscle) | Relaxation(β2) for distant vision | Contraction(M) for accommodation of lens (near vision) and increase aqueous humor outflow into canal of Schlemm | |
Eye (ciliary body epithelium) | Increased aqueous humor production(β1) | --- | |
Heart | Increased heart rate, increased force of contraction and increased conduction rate (β1) | Decreased heart and conduction rate(M), decreased atrial contractility(M) | |
Arterioles(skin, abdominal viscera, kidney) | Strong vasoconstriction(α1) | --- | |
Arterioles(skeletal muscle) | Weak vasoconstriction(α1) Vasodilation (β2) |
--- | |
Vessels(heart) | Vasoconstriction(α1), Vasodilation(β2) | --- | |
Lungs | Dilates Bronchioles(β2) | Constricts bronchioles(M) | |
Uterus, pregnant | Constriction(α1), relaxation(β2) | Contraction(M) | |
Gastrointestinal tract wall | Decreased tone(α1,α2,β2) | Increased tone(M) | |
Gastrointestinal tract sphincter | Contraction(α1) | Relaxation(M) | |
Gatrointestinal tract secretion | --- | Increased(M) | |
Kidney | Increased renin release(β1) | --- | |
Bladder wall (detrusor muscle) | Relaxation(β2) | Contraction(M) | |
Internal urinary sphincter | Contraction(α1) | Relaxation(M) | |
Pancreas | Decreased insulin secretion(α2), decreased exocrine secretion(α) | Increased insulin secretion(M), increased exocrine secretion(M) | |
Fat cells | Lipolysis(β3) | --- | |
Liver | Glycogenolysis (α1,β2), Gluconeogenesis(α1,β2) | Glucose uptake (M3?) | |
Piloerector muscles of skin | Contraction(α1) | --- | |
Salivary gland | Constriction of vessels & small production of thick saliva(α1) | Dilation of vessels & large production of thin saliva(M) | |
Sweat Gland | Generalized sweating (M); Localized sweating (stress) palms & soles of feet (α1) | --- | |
Adrenal medullae | Increased secretion of EPI or NE | --- |
Drug Name | Receptor and antagonist/agonist | Indication(use) |
---|---|---|
Phenylephrine | α1 agonist | Mydriatic |
Atropine | Muscarinic antagonist | Mydriatic/emergency medicine to increase heart rate |
Pilocarpine | Muscarinic agonist | Glaucoma |
Betaxolol | Beta antagonist | Glaucoma |
Prazosin | α1 antagonist | High blood pressure, Raynaud's disease |
Terazosin | α1 antagonist | High blood pressure, hyperhidrosis |
Atenolol | b1 antagonist | High blood pressure |
Ipratropium (Atrovent) | Muscarinic antagonist | Asthma/COPD |
Albuterol | β2 agonist | Asthma/COPD |
Bethanechol | Muscarinic agonist | Postoperative ileus |
End-of-Chapter Survey
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