1.5.9
Table of Actions for the SNS and PNS and Some Common Drugs
| Effector Organ | Sympathetic Effects (receptor) | Parasympathetic Effects (receptor) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Eye (iris) | Contraction of dilator pupillae muscles - mydriasis(α1) | Contraction of sphincter pupillae muscles – miosis(M) | |
| Eye (ciliary muscle) | Relaxation(β2) for distant vision | Contraction(M) for accommodation of lens (near vision) and increase aqueous humor outflow into canal of Schlemm | |
| Eye (ciliary body epithelium) | Increased aqueous humor production(β1) | --- | |
| Heart | Increased heart rate, increased force of contraction and increased conduction rate (β1) | Decreased heart and conduction rate(M), decreased atrial contractility(M) | |
| Arterioles(skin, abdominal viscera, kidney) | Strong vasoconstriction(α1) | --- | |
| Arterioles(skeletal muscle) | Weak vasoconstriction(α1) Vasodilation (β2) |
--- | |
| Vessels(heart) | Vasoconstriction(α1), Vasodilation(β2) | --- | |
| Lungs | Dilates Bronchioles(β2) | Constricts bronchioles(M) | |
| Uterus, pregnant | Constriction(α1), relaxation(β2) | Contraction(M) | |
| Gastrointestinal tract wall | Decreased tone(α1,α2,β2) | Increased tone(M) | |
| Gastrointestinal tract sphincter | Contraction(α1) | Relaxation(M) | |
| Gatrointestinal tract secretion | --- | Increased(M) | |
| Kidney | Increased renin release(β1) | --- | |
| Bladder wall (detrusor muscle) | Relaxation(β2) | Contraction(M) | |
| Internal urinary sphincter | Contraction(α1) | Relaxation(M) | |
| Pancreas | Decreased insulin secretion(α2), decreased exocrine secretion(α) | Increased insulin secretion(M), increased exocrine secretion(M) | |
| Fat cells | Lipolysis(β3) | --- | |
| Liver | Glycogenolysis (α1,β2), Gluconeogenesis(α1,β2) | Glucose uptake (M3?) | |
| Piloerector muscles of skin | Contraction(α1) | --- | |
| Salivary gland | Constriction of vessels & small production of thick saliva(α1) | Dilation of vessels & large production of thin saliva(M) | |
| Sweat Gland | Generalized sweating (M); Localized sweating (stress) palms & soles of feet (α1) | --- | |
| Adrenal medullae | Increased secretion of EPI or NE | --- | |
| Drug Name | Receptor and antagonist/agonist | Indication(use) |
|---|---|---|
| Phenylephrine | α1 agonist | Mydriatic |
| Atropine | Muscarinic antagonist | Mydriatic/emergency medicine to increase heart rate |
| Pilocarpine | Muscarinic agonist | Glaucoma |
| Betaxolol | Beta antagonist | Glaucoma |
| Prazosin | α1 antagonist | High blood pressure, Raynaud's disease |
| Terazosin | α1 antagonist | High blood pressure, hyperhidrosis |
| Atenolol | b1 antagonist | High blood pressure |
| Ipratropium (Atrovent) | Muscarinic antagonist | Asthma/COPD |
| Albuterol | β2 agonist | Asthma/COPD |
| Bethanechol | Muscarinic agonist | Postoperative ileus |