Anterior/Posterior Drawer

Testing for: Integrity of the Anterior Cruciate Ligament (anterior drawer) or integrity of the Posterior        Cruciate Ligament (posterior drawer)

Positive test: A positive test will result in anterior or posterior translation of the tibia on the femur.

Mechanics: With the knee flexed and the foot stabilized and in neutral rotation, a firm, but gentle, grip on the proximal tibia is achieved with the thumbs located over the joint line. An anterior force is then applied to the proximal tibia with a gentle anterior motion. The same can be achieved for the posterior drawer test, when a posterior force is applied

Varus Stress Test and Valgus Stress Test

Testing for: Laxity of the Medial and Lateral Collateral Ligaments. Positive test: Hypermobility or pain at the joint

Mechanics: The athlete lies supine with the leg extended. To test the Medial Collateral Ligament, the examiner holds the ankle firmly with one hand while placing the other over the lateral joint line*. The examiner then places a valgus force in an attempt to open the medial side of the knee. Valgus stress is applied with the knee fully extended and at 30 degrees of flexion. To test the Lateral Collateral Ligament, the examiner holds the ankle firmly with one hand while placing the other over the medial joint line. The examiner then places a Varus force in an attempt to open the lateral side of the knee. Varus stress is applied with the knee fully extended and at 30 degrees of flexion. It should be ensured that there is no rotation at the hip while this test is being administered

* Note: If pain is located at joint line hand should be moved superior to the joint line on the distal quadriceps.