Cover
Introduction
1. How to Retrieve Data From a Single Table
1.1. The Five Clauses of the SELECT Statement
1.2. Column Specifications
1.3. LIKE and REGEXP Operators
1.4. Arithmetic Operators
1.5. Column Aliases
1.6. Comparison Operators
1.7. IS NULL, BETWEEN, IN Operators
1.8. AND, OR, NOT Logical Operators
1.9. DISTINCT Clause
2. How to Retrieve Data from Multiple Tables
2.1. The JOIN Clause
2.2. Joining More Than Two Tables
2.3. The OUTER JOIN Clause
2.4. How to Code a UNION
3. Using Functions
3.1. Date Functions
3.2. Numeric Functions
3.3. String Functions
4. How to Insert, Update, Delete Data in Tables
4.1. The INSERT Clause With a Column List
4.2. The INSERT Clause Without a Column List
4.4. The UPDATE Clause With a Column List
4.4. The DELETE Clause
5. Summary Queries and Aggregate Functions
5.1. Aggregate Functions
5.2. Grouping Data
5.3. Simple GROUP BY Query
5.4. Improving the GROUP BY Query
5.5. Using the HAVING Clause
5.5. Using the HAVING and WHERE Clauses Together
5.6. COUNT(column_name) and COUNT(*)
5.7. Using the DISTINCT Statement
6. Working With Subqueries
6.1. The Subquery In a SELECT Statement
6.2. The Subquery in an UPDATE statement
6.3. Create a Duplicate Table From An Existing Table
6.4. The Subquery In a Delete Statement
7. SQL Views
7.1. SQL View Explained
7.2. Benefits of Using Views
7.3. Views That Allow UPDATE Statements
8. SQL Indexes
8.1. SQL Indexes Explained
8.2. Clustered vs. Non-clustered Indexes
8.3. Create an Index in Workbench Using an ERD
8.4. How to Manually Add an Index to an Existing Table
Glossary
Index
1.7

IS NULL, BETWEEN, IN Operators

IS NULL

  • Null values indicate an unknown or non-existent value and is different from an empty string (‘ ‘).
  • To test for a null value you use the IS NULL clause
  • The test for a value use IS NOT NULL clause

Example:

SELECT name, IndepYear
FROM country
WHERE IndepYear IS NULL;

Results:

is_null.png

BETWEEN Operators

  • The BETWEEN operator is similar to >= and <=.
  • BETWEEN includes everything between the two values indicated.
  • BETWEEN works with both text and number.


Example:

USE world;
SELECT name, IndepYear
FROM country
WHERE name BETWEEN "Aruba" and "Bahamas";


Results:

between.png

The IN Keyword

  • The IN clause tests whether an expression is equal to a value or values in a list of expressions.
  • The order of the items in the list does not matter.
  • You can use the NOT operator to test for items not in the list.
  • The IN clause may be used with a subquery.


Examples:

USE world;
SELECT name
FROM country
WHERE name IN ('Aruba', 'Barbados', 'Cuba', 'Bahamas')
ORDER BY population ASC;

Results:

IN.png

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CC BY-NC-ND International 4.0: This work is released under a CC BY-NC-ND International 4.0 license, which means that you are free to do with it as you please as long as you (1) properly attribute it, (2) do not use it for commercial gain, and (3) do not create derivative works.

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