Environmental Concerns: The introduction of GMOs into the environment can potentially disrupt ecosystems. For example, pest-resistant crops could affect non-target organisms and lead to the development of resistant pests.

Economic Issues: The dominance of a few biotech companies in the GMO market can lead to increased seed prices and dependence on proprietary technologies, disadvantaging small-scale and independent farmers.

Health Concerns: Although GMOs are generally considered safe by regulatory agencies, some people worry about potential long-term health effects that have not yet been fully studied.

Ethical and Labeling Issues: There are ethical concerns regarding the manipulation of genetic material and the transparency of GMO labeling, with consumers demanding the right to know what is in their food.