Feed efficiency, a critical measure in livestock production, determines how effectively animals convert feed into desired outputs like milk, eggs, or meat. Among various livestock, broiler chickens are typically the most feed-efficient, followed by laying hens, growing pigs, dairy cows, and beef steers. This efficiency is largely due to the biological and metabolic differences among species (feed calculation efficiencies are shown below in section 2.7.2.2 below).

Broiler Chickens: Broiler chickens have an exceptional Feed Efficiency Ratio (FER), often around 1.5 to 2.0. This means for every 1.5 to 2 pounds of feed, the chicken produces 1 pound of meat. Their rapid growth rates and high feed-to-meat conversion efficiency make them a preferred choice for meat production.

Laying Hens: Laying hens also exhibit high feed efficiency, with a ratio typically ranging from 2.0 to 2.5. They efficiently convert feed into eggs, making them valuable for egg production.

Growing Pigs: Pigs have a moderate feed efficiency, usually between 2.5 and 3.5. They convert feed into meat effectively, but less efficiently than poultry.

Dairy Cows: Dairy cows have a feed efficiency ratio for milk production of around 1.3 to 1.5. This indicates that for every 1.3 to 1.5 pounds of feed, the cow produces 1 pound of milk. Their efficiency in milk production is due to specialized breeding and optimal feeding practices.

Beef Steers: Beef steers have a feed efficiency ratio of approximately 6 to 8. This lower efficiency is due to their longer growth periods and higher maintenance energy requirements compared to poultry and pigs.