Malnutrition, a condition resulting from inadequate or unbalanced intake of nutrients, remains a global challenge, with undernutrition and overnutrition coexisting in many regions. Undernutrition, characterized by insufficient food intake or poor dietary quality, remains the leading cause of death in underdeveloped countries, while overnutrition, often associated with excessive calorie consumption and poor diet quality, contributes to a rise in non-communicable diseases.

The double burden of malnutrition underscores the complexity of the issue, as populations face both undernutrition and overnutrition simultaneously. To promote healthy eating and prevent disease, five key elements are essential: consuming a variety of nutrient-dense foods, limiting empty calories, reducing added sugars and saturated fats, and maintaining a balanced diet.

The DASH (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) diet and the Mediterranean diet represent two exemplary eating styles that align with these principles. The DASH diet emphasizes fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins, and low-fat dairy while limiting sodium and saturated fats. Similarly, the Mediterranean diet prioritizes plant-based foods, healthy fats, fish, and moderate wine consumption, which have been associated with numerous health benefits.